Sexuality and Gender: Findings from the Biological, Psychological, and Social Sciences

The report "Sexuality and Gender: Findings from the Biological, Psychological, and Social Sciences," published by The New Atlantis, provides a comprehensive review of research related to sexual orientation and gender identity. Authored by Dr. Lawrence S. Mayer and Dr. Paul R. McHugh, the report examines scientific studies and data from various disciplines to understand the complexities of these topics.

Key Findings:

1. Sexual Orientation: The report highlights that sexual orientation is a complex and multifaceted aspect of human identity. It underscores the lack of definitive evidence for a biological basis of sexual orientation, noting that genetic and environmental factors play roles but are not fully understood.
2. Gender Identity: The document discusses gender identity, emphasizing the distinction between biological sex and gender. It reviews the scientific literature on transgender individuals, including studies on the mental health outcomes of those who undergo gender transition. The report suggests that more research is needed to understand the long-term effects of gender transition.
3. Mental Health: A significant portion of the report addresses mental health issues associated with sexual orientation and gender identity. It presents data showing higher rates of mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, among LGBTQ+ populations compared to the general population. The authors argue that these disparities are not solely due to societal discrimination but may also be linked to intrinsic factors.
4. Children and Adolescents: The report is cautious about the treatment of children and adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria. It stresses the importance of thorough psychological assessment and consideration of the potential long-term implications of medical interventions like hormone therapy and surgery.
5. Social and Cultural Factors: The role of social and cultural influences in shaping sexual orientation and gender identity is also explored. The authors suggest that these factors can significantly impact individuals' experiences and the expression of their sexual and gender identities.

The report calls for a balanced and scientifically grounded approach to understanding sexuality and gender. It emphasizes the need for further research to clarify the biological, psychological, and social underpinnings of these aspects of human identity. The authors advocate for caution in the treatment of individuals, especially children and adolescents, who experience gender dysphoria, and highlight the importance of mental health support for LGBTQ+ individuals.

This comprehensive review aims to inform public discourse and policy by providing a nuanced understanding of the current scientific knowledge on sexuality and gender.